The nervous system coordinates actions and transmits signals between different parts of the body. Neurons communicate through electrical impulses called action potentials. This simulation shows how signals propagate along an axon, the role of myelin in speeding transmission, and how synapses pass signals to other cells.
A rapid change in membrane potential from -70mV (resting) to +40mV (peak) and back. This electrical signal travels along the axon.
Fatty insulation around axons that dramatically increases signal speed through saltatory conduction - signals "jump" between nodes of Ranvier.
Junction between neurons where electrical signals convert to chemical signals (neurotransmitters) to communicate with the next cell.
The baseline electrical state of a neuron at -70mV, maintained by ion pumps and selective membrane permeability.
Stimulus opens Na+ channels, sodium rushes in, voltage becomes more positive.
K+ channels open, potassium flows out, voltage becomes negative again.
Voltage briefly drops below resting potential before recovering.
Diagnosing and treating conditions like multiple sclerosis (myelin damage).
Nerve blocks work by preventing action potential propagation.
Interpreting neural signals to control prosthetic devices.
Many medications work by altering neurotransmitter function at synapses.