Cell division is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction. Mitosis produces identical somatic cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces unique gametes for sexual reproduction with half the chromosome number.
Asexual reproduction of somatic cells. Produces 2 identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes each in humans.
Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers form.
Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (cell equator).
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
Nuclear envelopes reform, chromosomes decondense, cell divides (cytokinesis).
Produces gametes (sperm/egg) with 23 chromosomes. Creates genetic diversity through crossing over and independent assortment.
Homologous chromosomes separate. Crossing over occurs in prophase I. Results in 2 haploid cells.
Sister chromatids separate (similar to mitosis). Results in 4 unique haploid gametes.
Uncontrolled mitosis leads to tumors. Understanding cell division helps develop treatments.
Meiosis errors cause chromosomal abnormalities. Research helps improve IVF success rates.
Mitosis in stem cells enables tissue regeneration and therapeutic applications.
Understanding meiosis helps assess risks of genetic disorders in offspring.